Gomoku - Japanese Board Game

Gomoku - Japanese Board Game:Gomoku, also written Go-Moku (lit. "five points") is a Japanese board game traditionally played with Go pieces and board (black and white stones on a 19x19 line board). The stones are placed on the intersections of the board, with Black playing first. The winner is the first player to get an unbroken row of five stones, either orthogonally or diagonally.

A moment's consideration will reveal that having a row of four of your stones, with blank spaces at each end, is a winning condition; no matter which end your opponent blocks, you will win by placing a stone at the other end.

The next step before that, obviously, is having an open row of three stones; this must be blocked, or it will develop into the open row of four.

The next step is to form two open rows of three, which share a common stone, which when placed, wins the game: your opponent can't block the formation of an open row of four stones.

Gomoku is played with many slight variations to the rules. A common variant is to require a row of exactly five stones for a win, longer rows (so-called over-lines) not counting. This variant is called standard gomoku, as opposed to free-style gomoku. The game is also now commonly played on a 15x15 board instead of the traditional 19x19. Another rule often used is the "rule of three and three", which says that you cannot form two open three-in-a-rows in the same move, even if such a move is required to block your opponent from winning. Sometimes, the restriction on over-lines or "rule of three and three" is only applied to black, who has the first move.

Careful computer analysis by L. Victor Allis has shown that, at least on a 15x15 board, Black wins with perfect play. This applies whether or not over-lines are considered as wins, but it assumes that the rule of three and three is not used.

The game of renju is a variant played on a 15x15 board with a number of additional rules designed to make the game fairer. Ninuki-renju is a variant which adds capturing to the game; it was published in the USA in a slightly simplified form under the name Pente.